Tala 'Uhinga Fakafaito'o - Fa'unga E Lea Fakafaito'o

Prefix	English Definition	Tongan Definition	Example in English	Example in Tongan
A/An	without or lack	Hala pe Honge	Apnoea = breathing stops	Hala pe 'osi e mānava
Ab	away from	mafao atu	Abduct = move limb away from the midline	mafao atu
Ad	move towards	mapelu mai	Adduct = move limb towards the midline	mapelu mai
Angio	blood or lymph vessels	kalava toto pē limifī	Angiogenesis = formation of new blood & lymph vessels	fakatupu kālava fo'ou
Ant- (Anti-)	opposed or against	Fakafepaki'i pe Taliteke'i	Antibody = kills bacteria	'Enitipoti
Ante-	before	Kimu'a	Antenatal = pregnancy before delivery.	Sivi Kete kimu'a he fā'ele
Arthr- (Arthro-)	joints	Hokotanga Hui	Arthritis = infection of joints	Mahaki hokotanga hui
Aural	ear	telinga	Auriscope = instrument to examine inside ear	Me'ahulu ki loto telinga
Bi	two or twice	Ua pe tu'o ua	Bimonthly = Every 2 months	Fakamāhinaua
Brachi	arm	uma	Brachial Artery = artery of the arm	'āteli 'o e uma
Brady	slow	tuai	Bradycardia = slow heart rate	mafu tātuai
Cyto	cell or cytoplasm	sela seli	Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm	Fakafanau sela seli
Di	two	ua	Dioxide = 2 oxygen atoms	Tai'okisaiti = 'atomi 'osikena 'e 2
Dia	Through	Lotolotonga	Dialysis = purification of blood	Taialasis Fetongi toto
Dis	reversed or separated	Fakafoki pe Fakamavahe'i	Dislocation = separation of bones in a joint	Hui Fehulunaki
Dys	abnormal or painful	Angakehe pe Mamahi	Dysuria = painful micturition	Tu'uofi mamahi
endo	within	i loto	endometrium = inner lining of the uterus	kanoloto e taungafanau.
epi	above, surrounding	'olunga, takatakai	epidermis = outer part of skin	kilitu'a
erythr	redness	kulokula	erythema = redness	kula
eu	good, well	lelei, sai	euphoria = intense happiness	to'oto'oa
exo	outside	kitu'a	expiration = breathing out	mānava kitu'a
extra	outside	i tu'a	extracellular = outside the cell	tu'asela
hemi	right or left side of body	tafa'aki taha	hemiparesis = weakness one side of the body	vaivai tafa'aki taha e sino
hetero	different	faikehekehe	heterosexual = sex between opposite sex	feohi fakamali tangata mo e fefine
homo	same	tatau	homosexual = sex between same sex	fakasōtoma
hydro	watery	vai	hydrocephalus = excess CSF in the brain	'uto fonuvai
Hyper	excessive or above average	Tō'olunga pe Tōtu'a	Hyperglycaemia = High blood sugar	Suka Tō'olunga
Hypo	below normal or deficient	Tōlalo pē Ta'efe'unga	Hypoglycaemia = Low blood sugar	Suka Tōlalo
Inter	between or among	Vaha'a	Intercostal = between the ribs	Vaha'a hui palalulu
Intra	within or inside	'i loto	Intravenous = inside the vein	I loto he veini.
Ipsi	same	tafa'aki tatau	ipsilateral = on the same side	tafa'aki tatau 'o e sino
Iso	equal	tatau	isotonic = same osmotic pressure	tatau e fua ta'au 'osimosi
Macro	large or long	sisino	Macrosomia = big baby	Pēpē sisino
Micro	small or tiny	si'isi'i	Micro-organism= very small living thing	Me'amo'ui valevale fau
Mono	one or single	Lōtaha pe tu'otaha	Monosaccharides = simple sugars	suka lōtaha
Para	alongside	tafa'aki	Parathyroid = beside thyroid	Palafiloti
Peri	surrounding	takatakai	Perinatal = around time of birth	Taimi takatakai he fa'ele
Plegic	paralysis	poliō	Hemiplegia = paralysis on one side	poliō fakafa'ahi taha
Poly	many or much	Lōlahi pe tu'olahi	Polyuria = frequent micturition	toutou tu'uofi
Post	after or behind	Kimui pe 'osi	Postoperative = after surgery	'osi e tafa
Pre	before or in front	Kimu'a pe 'otumu'a	Prediabetes = before diabetes	kimu'a pea suka
Quadri	four	tokofā	Quadriplegia = paralysis of all 4 limbs	Pōlio e ongo nima mo e ongo va'e
Sub	below or under	Ki lalo	Subcutaneous = under the skin	lalo kili
Super/Supra	above or beyond	Ki 'olunga pe ope atu	Supernatural = beyond the natural	ope atu he mafai fakanatula
Tachy	fast	vave	Tachypnoea = rapid breathing	mānava vave
Trans	across or through	fakafononga	Transdermal = thru the skin	fakafononga he kili
Tri	three	tokotolu	Triceps = muscle with 3 heads	kano'ulutolu
Uni	one	tokotaha	Unilateral = affecting one side of the body	tafa'aki pe taha 'o e sino
Vaso	vessel	kālava	Vasoactive = afecting diameter of blood vessels	uesia e taiamita 'o e kālava.

Suffix	English Definition	Tongan Definition	Example in English	Example in Tongan
algia	pain	mamahi	neuralgia = nerve pain	neave mamahi
ase	enzyme that breaks down	'enisaimi momosi	lactase = enzyme that breaks down lactose	enisaimi momosi lekitose
cyte	cell	sela	leukocyte = white blood cell	sela hinehina
ectomy	surgical removal	tafa ke to'o	appendicectomy = removal of appendix	tafa to'o 'apenitiki
iasis	condition or disease	mahaki	candidiasis = fungal infection	mahaki kanitita
itis	infection/inflammation	mahaki pipihi/ulufia	arthritis = infection/inflammation of joints	Hokotanga hui mahaki'ia/ulufia
lysis	destruction	maumau	haemolysis = destruction of red cells	maumau'i e sela kulokula
ology	study or science of	saienisi 'o e	urology = science of urinary tract	saienisi 'o e halangatu'uofi
oma	tumour or mass	ngungu	lipoma = tumour of fat tissue	ngungu laipoma
osis	abnormal condition	mahaki	cirrhosis = severe scarring of liver	'ate mingi
pathy	disorder or disease	ma'ukovia	retinopathy = eye complication of diabetes	mata ma'ukovia 'e he suka
plasty	surgical reconstruction	tafa ke fakalelei'i/fakafo'ou	arthroplasty = joint replacement surgery	tafa ke fakafo'ou hokotanga hui
pnea	breathing	mānava	dyspnoea = laboured breathing	manavatamaki
pneumo	presence of air	'ea 'oku 'i ai	pneumothorax = air in pleural cavity	'ea he loto memipena ma'ama'a
rhage	excessive bleeding	toto fānoa	haemorrhage = excessive blood loss	tālau
rrhea	discharge	huhu'a	diarrhoea = watery stools	fakalele
scope	viewing instrument	me'ahulu	microscope = for viewing microorganisms	me'ahulu tekonga
therapy	treatment	faito'o	chemotherapy = cancer drug treatment	kīmo = faito'o kanisā
tomy/stomy	cutting or incision	avangi	colostomy=stoma in colon thru the abdomen	avangi e kouloni kitu'a
trophic/trophy	nutrition	me'atokoni	atrophy = wasting	'atolofi
uria	urine or urination	tu'uofi	hematuria = blood in urine	tu'uofi toto
y	condition or allergy	tō'ongatamaki pe uesiakovi	allergy = overactive immune response to penicillin	Uesiakovi 'e he Penisilini.

Root	English Definition	Tongan Definition	Example in English	Example in Tongan
Broncho	bronchial tree	kau'ima'ama'a	bronchitis = inflammation of the bronchi	ulufia e kau'ima'ama'a
Cardi	heart	mafu	cardiology = science of the heart	saienisi 'o e mafu
Derm	skin	kili	dermatology = science of the skin	saienisi 'o e kili
Encephalo	brain	'uto	encephalitis = brain infection	mofi 'ulu
Gastro	stomach	kete	gastroenteritis = inflammation of the stomach.	fakalele
Glyc	glucose	suka	Hyperglycaemia = high blood sugar	suka tō'olunga
Gynae	female reproducitve health	fakafanau 'a e fefine	gynaecology = science of female reproductive health	saienisi 'oe fakafanau 'a e fefine
Hemat	blood	toto	haematology = science of the blood	saienisi 'o e toto
Hepat	liver	ate	hepatitis = 'ate pupula	ate pupula
Myo	muscle	kanomate	Myocardium = heart muscle	kanomate mafu
Nephro	kidneys	kofuua	rephrology = science of kidneys	saienisi 'o e kofuua
Neuro	nerve	neave	neurology = science of the nervous system	saienisi 'o e neave
Normo	normal	angamaheni	normotensive = normal blood pressure	ta'au toto angamaheni
Opthalm	eye	mata	opthalmology = science of the eye	saienisi 'o e mata
oral	mouth	ngutu	oral cavity = inside the mouth	loto'i ngutu
Ortho	bones & joints	hui & hokotanga hui	orthopaedics = branch of medicine dealing with bone and joint disorders	saienisi e hui & hokotanga hui
Osteo	bone	hui	osteomyelitis = bone infection	hui mahaki'ia
Pneum	lungs	ma'ama'a	pneumonia = lung inflammation	mahaki niumonia
Prone	Lying on your stomach face down	tokoto fo'ohifo	Yes you can lie prone.	Io kātaki 'o tokoto fo'ohifo.
Proximal	close to midline	ofi ki lotomālie	The elbow is proximal to the wrist.	Oku ofi ange e tui'inima ki lotomālie he kia'inima.
Ren	kidneys	kofuua	renal failure = kidney failure	kofuua toutounoa
Supine	lying flat on your back	tokoto fo'ohake	Can you lie supine please?	Kātaki pe te ke lava 'o tokoto fo'ohake?

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